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A detection dog or sniffer dog is a dog that is trained to and works at using its senses (almost always the sense of smell) to detect substances such as explosives, illegal drugs, wildlife scat, or blood. Hunting dogs that search for game and search dogs that search for missing humans are generally not considered detection dogs. There is some overlap, as in the case of cadaver dogs, trained to search for human remains. Some police dogs that are used in drug raids are trained not only to locate narcotics, but also persons who may be hiding from the police, as well as stashed currency. Some detector dogs can locate contraband electronics, such as illicit mobile phones in prisons. In recent years, detection dogs have emerged as a valuable research tool for wildlife biologists. In California, dogs are trained to detect the quagga mussel on boats at public boat ramps, as it is an invasive species. Sniffer dogs have also been enlisted to find bumblebee nests. Other studies have employed detection dogs for the purposes of finding and collecting the feces of a diverse array of species, including caribou, black-footed ferret, killer whale, and Oregon spotted frog. ==Functions== Detection dogs have been trained to search for many things, both animate and inanimate, including: * Endangered animal species (e.g., black-footed ferret,; The Bumblebee Conservation Trust has trained an English Springer Spaniel to detect bee colonies) * Invasive species (e.g., quagga mussel) * Human remains * Crime evidence * Fire accelerants (i.e., arson investigation)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cadafiredogs.com/ )〕 * Currency * Drugs * Explosives * Firearms * Mobile phones (as contraband in prisons) * Mold * Plants, animals, produce, and agricultural items (used by customs services) * Polycarbonate optical discs such as DVDs (e.g., bootleg recordings) * Termites * Bed bugs * Wildlife scat * Cancerous tumors in humans * Hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) emergencies in humans * Gourmet Fungi, such as Truffles, both French Black Truffles (Tuber melanosporum) and Italian White Truffles (Tuber magnatum pico), and chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius), "porcini" (Boletus edulis), morels (Morchella esculenta), and the several varieties of mushroom that, when parasitized by Hypomyces lactifluorum are known as "Lobster mushroom" One notable quality of detection dogs is that they are able to discern individual scents even when the scents are combined or masked by other odors. In one case at an Australian prison, a detection dog foiled an attempt to smuggle drugs that had been hidden in a woman's bra and smeared with coffee, pepper and Vicks Vapo-rub. A sniffer dog can detect blood even if it has been scrubbed off surfaces. In one case, a sniffer dog sniffed a drop of blood on a wall although an attempt had been made to scrub it off. It was so small that it couldn't be seen without a microscope. In one study, sniffer dogs had a 97.5% correct positive indication rate on detecting bed bugs (''Cimex lectularius'') and their eggs – with zero false positives – all while accurately distinguishing them from carpenter ants, cockroaches and termites. They could detect as few as a single adult specimen or five viable eggs, and were also able to discriminate live bed bugs and viable bed bug eggs from dead bed bugs, cast skins, and feces, with a 95% correct positive indication rate, with only a 3% false positive rate on bed bug feces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Detection dog」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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